REFERENCES - Chapter 4 - The Egyptians

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These are the references related to the CHAPTER 4: The Egyptians section in the book.

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As Mentioned In The Book

What Part Of Sinai Does Egypt Offer?

https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/Sinai_map.htm
Depicted on the map is Sinai Peninsula and the surrounding areas with international borders, governorate capitals, major cities, main roads, and highways.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sinai_Governorate
North Sinai Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north-eastern part of the country, and encompasses the northern half of the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea, in the south by South Sinai Governorate, in the west by Port Said, Ismailia, and Suez Governorates,[4] and in the east by the Gaza Strip in Palestine (Rafah Governorate) and Israel (Southern District). Its capital is the city of El Arish. A governorate is administered by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president’s discretion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Arish
ʻArish or el-ʻArīsh (Arabic: العريش al-ʿArīš Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʕæˈɾiːʃ]) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants as of 2012) of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast 344 kilometres (214 mi) northeast of Cairo and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the Egypt-Gaza border.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sinai_Governorate
South Sinai Governorate is the least populated governorate of Egypt. It is located in the east of the country, encompassing the southern half of the Sinai Peninsula. Saint Catherine’s Monastery, an Eastern Orthodox Church monastery and UNESCO World Heritage Site of world renown, is located in the central part of the governorate.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taba,_Egypt
Taba is an Egyptian town near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba. Taba is the location of Egypt’s busiest border crossing with neighboring Eilat, Israel. Taba was originally developed as a tourist destination by the Israelis with the first hotel opening there in the 1960s, and today it is a frequent vacation spot for Egyptians and other tourists, especially those from Israel on their way to other destinations in Egypt or as a weekend getaway. It is the northernmost resort of Egypt’s Red Sea Riviera.

What Will The Egyptian Offer Be?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline
The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It originates near Arish in the Sinai Peninsula and was built to export Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from Israel. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), constructed at a cost of US$1.2 billion.

Why Should Egypt Make This Offer?

Peace Factor

https://borgenproject.org/the-sinai-insurgency/
The Borgen Project. 10 Facts About The Sinai Insurgency. “Conflict that has raged since the beginning of 2011, with little sign of ending in the near future, the Sinai Insurgency has pitted the military forces of Egypt against militant Islamist insurgents across the Sinai Peninsula. Over the years, the war has cost an unclear number of lives and livelihoods, as nearly six years of suicide bombings and insurgent attacks have rocked the region. Here are 10 facts about the Sinai Insurgency and its effects on the region.”

https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/the-sinai-insurgency-is-not-the-only-war-sisi-is-losing-18670
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi presents himself as a bulwark against terrorism, but under his watch the Sinai has become a preferred destination for terrorists. Unfortunately for him, the insurgency is not the only major failure of his rule.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi
Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi[a] (born 19 November 1954) is an Egyptian politician and retired military officer who has served as the sixth and current president of Egypt since 2014.

https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/insurgency-in-sinai-challenges-and-prospects/
In May 2022, at least 16 Egyptian troops were killed in two separate attacks in the Sinai Peninsula. The attacks were claimed by Wilayat Sinai or Sinai Province (SP), Egypt’s branch of the so-called Islamic State (IS), which has been actively conducting assaults on the Egyptian military for the past eight years. The May strikes were the deadliest in recent years, following a period of calm and constant assertions by the Egyptian government that it had defeated terrorism in Sinai.

Prosperity Factor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal_Area_Development_Project
The project involved building a new city (Ismailia), an industrial zone, fish farms, encouraging the development of a tech industry, building seven new tunnels between Sinai and Ismailia and Port Said, improving five existing ports, creating new centers for logistics and ship services, and digging a new canal parallel to the Suez Canal. The new canal was constructed to increase capacity by allowing ships to sail in both directions at the same time.

https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2022/11/03/the-growing-popularity-of-a-strange-form-of-debt-diplomacy
Why Saudi Arabia and the IMF may end up in a stand-off over Egypt …

https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/27/world/egypt-adding-corn-to-bread-an-explosive-mix.html
11/27/1996 - But to keep bread cheap and plentiful, Egypt pays a heavy price, importing wheat from abroad and subsidizing flour at home, and it has decided to draw the line. Beginning next month, its planners have decreed, bread will be 20 percent corn. The change has gone all but unadvertised; the Government seems to be hoping that few will notice.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/egypts-private-sector-wheat-imports-stall-due-dollar-shortage-2022-10-04/
CAIRO, Oct 4 2022 (Reuters) - The price of wheat and flour used to make unsubsidised bread has spiked in Egypt as importers struggle to pay for wheat stuck at ports amid a dollar shortage, traders and the country’s chamber of cereals told Reuters this week.

What’s In It For The Egyptians?

https://www.wsj.com/articles/egypt-parliament-cedes-islands-to-saudi-arabia-risking-backlash-1497465791
June 14, 2017 - CAIRO—Egypt’s parliament on Wednesday approved a controversial deal to cede two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia, an agreement backed by President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi but widely criticized by people in the North African country.

Maps

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sinai_Peninsula_-_en.svg
This map under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license was modified to remove the localities not mentioned in the book, and add localities that are mentioned. The new map has the same license as the original.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egypt_Sinai_location_map.svg
This map under the CC-BY-SA-3.0-DE license was modified to add the names of the governorates. The new map has the same license as the original. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strait_tiran_83.jpg This Public Domain map was modified to show the two islands. The new map has the same license as the original.